The Farewell Sermon and the revelation of "Today I have perfected your religion"

The Prophet ﷺ stood at ʿArafa addressing the greatest gathering the Peninsula had witnessed. He affirmed the sanctity of blood and wealth, abolished the usury and blood-feuds of Jahiliyya, enjoined kindness to women, called Allah to witness the conveyance, and the verse of the perfection of the religion was revealed.

He ﷺ addressed the people on the Day of ʿArafa upon his she-camel and said: "Your blood and your property are sacred to you like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this land of yours." He abolished all the usury of Jahiliyya — the first he abolished being the usury of his uncle al-ʿAbbas — and its blood-feuds — the first he abolished being the blood of Ibn Rabiʿa.

He enjoined good treatment of women: "Fear Allah regarding women, for you have taken them by the trust of Allah," affirmed that the Muslim is the brother of the Muslim, and that no Arab has precedence over a non-Arab except by piety, and said: "I have left among you that after which you will not go astray if you hold to it: the Book of Allah." Then he said: "Have I conveyed?" They said: Yes. He said: "O Allah, bear witness."

On the evening of that day was revealed: "Today I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favour upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion." ʿUmar wept and said: After perfection there is nothing but decline — sensing the nearness of the Prophet's ﷺ end; and so it was, for he died some eighty nights later.